内蒙古克鲁伦凹陷伊敏组下段砂岩铀成矿条件、特征及成因     

黄少华  秦明宽  周文博  刘章月  刘彤  赵志伟  东艳 《地球科学与环境学报》2020,(2):199-214

为查明内蒙古克鲁伦凹陷伊敏组下段砂岩铀成矿规律和成因,系统总结了内外部铀源、构造环境、岩性-岩相特征、后生氧化作用等关键控矿条件以及铀成矿特征,较精准厘定了目的层时代及其铀成矿年龄,进而构建了砂岩铀成矿模式。结果表明:克鲁伦凹陷的主攻找矿目的层为伊敏组下段,侏罗纪中酸性火山岩、海西期花岗岩、下白垩统伊敏组和地下水的U含量高,指示了内外部铀源十分丰富;目的层形成于断-坳转换期,发育扇三角洲相—滨浅湖相沉积体系,(水下)分流河道微相灰色砂体发育,岩性以含砾粗砂岩、砂砾岩为主,结构疏松,透水性好;原生砂体中富含碳屑及植物茎干,自身还原容量较高,是一套良好的含矿建造;该砂体普遍发育强烈的褐黄色面状古潜水(局部古潜水-层间)后生氧化作用,进而控制了矿体的形成和形态;矿体埋深一般小于150 m,每平方米U质量为0.46~1.00 kg,主要呈透镜状和似层状;铀矿化砂岩全岩U-Pb定年获得了(67.1±5.9)Ma和(63.7±5.2)Ma的等时线成矿年龄;结合凹陷构造演化史,建立了伊敏组下段4个阶段的古潜水-层间氧化铀成矿模式,即早白垩世早期成矿前富铀建造准备阶段、早白垩世中晚期含矿目的层形成阶段、古近纪主成矿阶段和新近纪成矿停滞保存阶段,并指出区内深部(500 m以浅)仍具有较好的古潜水-层间氧化带型铀矿成矿潜力。  相似文献   

湘南中生代花岗质岩石成岩成矿的时限   总被引：30，自引：1，他引：29  

彭建堂  胡瑞忠  袁顺达  毕献武  沈能平 《地质论评》2008,54(5):617-625

位于南岭中段的湘南地区,中生代花岗质岩石广泛分布;该区W、Sn、Pb、Zn、Mo、Bi等金属矿床密集产出,很多钨、锡矿床达到大型、超大型规模,且找矿潜力巨大,构成一个世界级的有色金属矿集区。最近大量的同位素年代学研究表明,南岭中段钨、锡、铅锌等金属的成矿是一个爆发性、区域性的地质事件,成矿时间高度集中,成矿时限主要在150~160 Ma之间,与该区主要花岗岩的成岩时间相当吻合;对单个钨、锡矿床而言,其矿区的成岩、成矿存在着一种准同期性,即成矿与矿区花岗岩的成岩基本上是同时的、或稍晚于花岗岩的成岩作用。因此,该区中生代的花岗岩与钨锡成矿作用具有明显的时、空联系。南岭中段花岗岩大规模的侵入和钨、锡等金属的爆发性成矿均形成于一种岩石圈伸展减薄、地壳拉张的构造环境,可能与华南中生代第二幕岩石圈伸展事件密切相关。  相似文献   

Facies analyses and volcanic setting of the giant Neves Corvo massive sulfide deposit,Iberian Pyrite Belt,Portugal     

Carlos J. P. Rosa  Jocelyn McPhie  Jorge M. R. S. Relvas  Zélia Pereira  Tomás Oliveira  Nelson Pacheco 《Mineralium Deposita》2008,43(4):449-466

In the Iberian Pyrite Belt, volcanic rocks are relatively scarce, accounting for approximately only 25% of the geologic record, with the remaining 75% consisting of sedimentary units. This association is very clear in the host succession to the Neves Corvo massive sulfide deposit in Portugal. The Neves Corvo host succession comprises the products of explosive and effusive rhyolitic eruptions intercalated with mudstone that records a submarine below-wave-base environment and provides precise biostratigraphic age constraints. The first and second volcanic events involved eruptions at local intrabasinal vents. The first event generated thick beds of fiamme breccia that are late Famennian in age. The fiamme were originally pumice clasts produced by explosive eruptions and were subsequently compacted. The second event was the late Strunian (latest Famennian) effusion of rhyolitic lava that was pervasively quench-fragmented. The third and final event is younger than the massive sulfide deposits poorly represented in the mine area and minor compared with the two other events. The integration of biostratigraphic data with the volcanic facies architecture indicates that the Neves Corvo ore deposits are similar in age to the late Strunian rhyolitic lava. Although regionally the Iberian Pyrite Belt is essentially a sedimentary succession, ore formation at Neves Corvo can be closely linked to discrete volcanic events that produced a relatively narrow range of volcanic facies.  相似文献   

华南地区中生代Cu (Mo) W Sn矿床成矿作用与洋岭/转换断层俯冲   总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24  

李晓峰  Watanabe Yasushi  华仁民  毛景文 《地质学报》2008,82(5):625-640

华南地区是我国重要的金属矿产资源产地,除了发育大量的钨锡钼铋和稀土等金属矿产外,还有铜金矿床分布。本文通过对华南地区29个典型CuMoWSn矿床的时空分布及其与之有关的花岗质岩体的侵位年龄分析,探讨了与不同成矿类型有关的花岗质岩石的地球化学特征。本文认为华南地区10个典型的与Cu有关的矿床主要发生在180~170Ma、160~150Ma以及105~90Ma三个时期,而10个钨矿床主要集中于170~130Ma;4个WSn矿床集中于170~130Ma和120~110Ma;而5个Sn矿床则发育于170~150Ma、130~110Ma以及100~90Ma三个时期。Cu矿床主要与同熔型花岗岩有关,而Mo、WSn既与同熔型花岗岩有关,又与改造型花岗岩有关。在岩石地球化学上,与Cu(Mo)WSn成矿作用有关的花岗质岩石也表现出不同的地球化学特点,如,从Cu(Mo)矿床到WSn矿床SiO2含量有逐渐增大、氧化性逐渐降低、还原性逐渐增加以及分异演化程度有逐渐增高的趋势。与Cu(Mo)Au矿床有关的花岗质岩石具有较低的SiO2（60.3%~68.1%）,氧化性较高（Fe2O3/FeO=0.31~1.81）,分异演化程度较低（Rb/Sr=0.05~3.3）的特点;与Cu(Pb)(Zn)矿床有关的花岗质岩石具有相对较高的SiO2（73.3%~75.2%）,氧化性稍高（Fe2O3/FeO=0.68~1.74）,分异程度稍低（Rb/Sr=10.8~57.8）的特点;而与Mo矿床有关的花岗质岩石具有较宽的SiO2（67.3%~76.2%）变化范围,氧化性稍低（Fe2O3/FeO=0.68~1.74）,分异演化程度稍低（Rb/Sr=0.6~9.29）;与W矿有关的花岗质岩石的SiO2含量为69.9%~80.1%,还原性稍低（Fe2O3/FeO=0.19~0.76）,分异演化程度稍高（Rb/Sr=21.9~61.7）;与WSn矿床有关的SiO2为74.8%~78.7%,还原性较低（Fe2O3/FeO=0.08~0.59）,分异程度较高（Rb/Sr=10.8~139）;与Sn矿床有关的花岗质岩石的SiO2为64.8%~76.9%,还原性高（Fe2O3/FeO=0.01~0.58）,分异演化程度高（Rb/Sr=1~530）。在结合华南地区花岗岩类岩石的分布特征以及盆岭构造的特点,本文提出华南地区CuMoWSn矿床的成矿作用是不同时期大洋板块或者洋岭多阶段俯冲结果的新成因模型,即早侏罗世休眠的FarallonIzanagi洋岭俯冲导致早—中侏罗世Cu成矿作用;中—晚侏罗世活动的FarallonIzanagi洋岭和转换断层俯冲是中晚侏罗世Cu(Mo)(W)成矿作用以及多阶段WSn成矿作用的触发动力,而白垩纪Izanagi大洋板块俯冲则是白垩纪斑岩型CuWSn成矿作用的诱因。该模型的提出较好地解释了华南中生代大规模岩石圈拆沉—减薄—伸展的机制及其大规模成矿作用的动力。  相似文献   

甘肃玛曲大水金矿矿体地质数据中蕴涵的成矿信息   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

何进忠  姚书振  龚全胜  陈耀宇 《地质学报》2008,82(8):1142-1151

大水金矿是著名的超大型矿床,对于其地质地球化学特征已有许多较深入的研究,本文通过单因素直方图统计、关联分析、分形统计、曲线拟合等方法研究了矿体地质数据之间的关系。规模最大的主矿体与其他矿体相比,在顶板围岩、底板围岩、品位、矿体倾向、长度、延深等6个要素上均体现出奇异性,可见主矿体是在十分特殊的地质环境中形成的。控矿变量中,矿体长度、厚度、延深和倾向等变量之间具有相关性,倾向在20°~320°内变化,倾角、品位与其他变量之间的相关性不显著;由此推测,成矿作用的发生并不直接受控于浅层的构造因素,而与岩浆侵入及热液活动诱发的似环状、似锥状局部构造裂隙有关。矿体资源量具有明显的多重分形分布特征,而矿体的长度总体上呈简单分形分布,与前人的研究结果联系起来看,大吨位矿体的围岩以构造角砾岩或蚀变角砾岩为特征,属于充填成因;而中等规模的矿体则属于热液交代成因,一些小规模矿体可能与沉积作用有关;在成矿空间上,不同期次的成矿作用遵循了同位成矿规律。矿床的吨品位关系对幂律分布并不能很好地拟合,而是服从指数分布。  相似文献   

Fluid inclusion and microfabric studies on Zechstein carbonates (Ca2) and related fracture mineralizations – New insights on gas migration in the Lower Saxony Basin (Germany)     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

New petrographic and fluid inclusion data from core samples of Upper Permian dolomitic limestone (Hauptdolomit, Zechstein group, Stassfurt carbonate sequence) from a gas field located at the northern border of the Lower Saxony Basin (LSB) essentially improve the understanding of the basin development. The gas production at the locality is characterized by very high CO₂ concentrations of 75–100% (with CH₄ and N₂).Samples consist of fine grained, mostly laminated and sometimes brecciated dolomitic limestone (mudstone/wackestone) from the transition zone between the shallow water zone (platform) and the upper slope. The study focuses on migration fluids, entrapped as fluid inclusions in diagenetic anhydrite, calcite, and fluorite, and in syn-diagenetic microfractures, as well as on the geochemistry of fluorite fracture mineralizations, obtained by LA-ICP-MS analysis. Fluid inclusion studies show that the diagenetic fluid was rich in H₂ONaClCaCl₂. Recrystallized anhydrite contains aqueous inclusions with homogenization temperatures (T_h) of ca. 123 °C, but somewhat higher T_h of ca. 142 °C was found for calcite cement followed by early Fluorite A with T_h of 147 °C. A later Fluorite B preserves gas inclusions and brines with maximum T_h of 156 °C. Fluorite B crystallized in fractures during the mobilization of CO₂-bearing brines. Crossing isochores for co-genetic aqueous-carbonic and carbonic inclusions indicate fluid trapping conditions of 180–200 °C and 900–1000 bars. δ¹³C-isotopic ratios of gas trapped in fluid inclusions suggest an organic origin for CH₄, while the CO₂ is likely of inorganic origin.Basin modelling (1D) shows that the fault block structure of the respective reservoir has experienced an uplift of >1000 m since Late Cretaceous times.The fluid inclusion study allows us to, 1) model the evolution of the LSB and fluid evolution by distinguishing different fluid systems, 2) determine the appearance of CO₂ in the geological record and, 3) more accurately estimate burial and uplift events in individual parts of the LSB.  相似文献   

铁锰结核结壳生长过程的一种理论假设   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

姚德  张丽洁  许东禹  梁宏锋 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1994,(2)

铁锰结核成矿物质的直接来源是大洋底层水和沉积物孔隙水，结壳只有底层水，因此，底层水和孔隙水的物理化学特征就成为理解铁锰结核（壳）成矿作用特征与过程的关键。铁锰结核（壳）内部构造的两个明显特征是：①韵律性的环状纹层构造，和②树枝状构造，这两种构造是典型的远离平衡的非线性地质作用的产物。正常情况下，海底水—沉积物界面系统的底层水、孔隙水中Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ是不饱和的。因此，铁锰结核（壳）不可能在平衡状态下连续生长。本文提出铁锰结核（壳）生长的自反馈“振荡式”模型。  相似文献   

地幔柱研究述评     

周连成  白伟明  赵俐红  陆凯 《海洋地质前沿》2004,20(8):16-19

地幔柱与热点既可见于板块内部，也可见于洋中脊和造山带等板块边界，既可见于现代更可见于古代，因而它可能影响到地表各处的成矿作用。简单介绍了地幔柱特征、类型及其在富钴结壳成矿作用中的地位。  相似文献   

The nature and origin of light hydrocarbon gases associated with mineralization in the Northern Pennines     

J. Ferguson 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1988,5(4)

Earlier studies have shown the occurrence of anomalous amounts of methane in rocks associated with lead/zinc mineralization in a number of deposits in the British Isles and Europe. This has led to speculation that the gas may have originated either as a consequence of reactions involved in the mineralization process or as a result of maturation of the organic matter in the sediment or from a deep source. New data are presented showing the distribution of light hydrocarbon gases from fluid inclusions in minerals from the North and South Pennine Orefields which differ from those observed in the host rocks. Possible sources for the gases in the host rocks and the minerals are examined. Based on the close correlation between the distribution of the gases in the carbonate rocks of Northern England and the conodont colour alteration index map for the area, it is suggested that the anomalous amounts of methane gas in the Northern Pennine host rocks are the result of maturation prior to mineralization. The distribution of gases in the fluid inclusions in the minerals serves as a distinguishing feature, and two assemblages are recognized from the South Pennine Orefield, both of which are distinct from that of the Northern Pennines. It is concluded that these gases, trapped at the time of mineralization, originate as a consequence of reactions which occurred during mineral deposition.  相似文献   

CHIM-geoelectrochemical method in search of concealed mineralisation in China and Australia     

Xianrong Luo  Baohong Hou  Meilanna Wen  Nanshi Zeng  Keeling John  Fidler Roger  Fabris Adrian 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(2):198-202

A version of the geoelectrochemical prospecting technique developed in China was demonstrated in China and Australia to test its suitability under both Chinese and Australian conditions. This paper briefly describes the mechanism and effectiveness of the technique applied to search of concealed mineralisation through regolith cover, based on both experimental and field tests. This paer deals with three main aspects of the method： a） how metallic ions are released from orebodies by electrochemical dissolution; b） how these ions migrate to the collector and are deposited as elements by electrochemical extraction in the presence of an electric field; and c） the effectiveness of the method illustrated by some case studies.  相似文献